经皮微通道显微手术切除腰椎椎管内肿瘤的疗效

目的探讨经皮微通道显微镜下手术切除腰椎椎管内肿瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年2月经皮微通道显微镜下手术治疗的37例腰椎椎管内肿瘤的临床资料。结果术后病理检查显示,神经鞘瘤20例,脊膜瘤4例,先天性囊肿6例,神经根囊肿5例,肠源性囊肿2例。术后症状均明显改善,未出现切口感染、神经根损伤、硬脊膜损伤、脑脊液漏、脊柱稳定性下降等并发症。术后1周复查腰椎MRI示椎管内肿瘤完全切除;术后6个月,复查MRI未见肿瘤复发。术后1周、3个月及6个月,疼痛视觉模拟量表评分、日本骨科协会评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均明显改善（P<0.05）。结论经皮微通道显微镜下手术切除腰椎椎管内肿瘤,手术创伤小,具有良好的临床疗效。     

Lumbar discectomy with annulus fibrosus closure: A retrospective series of 53 consecutive patients

IntroductionLumbar disc herniation is most common degenerative alteration of the spine. Whenever surgical therapy proves to be necessary, recurrent disc herniation is most frequent concern. Here, primary aim was to determine the percentage of patients eligible for insertion of an annular closure device (ACD). Secondary aim to evaluate 12-month incidence of recurrent disc herniation at the operated level. Our hypothesis was that ACD might help in preventing recurrent disc herniation.MethodsPatients in a single Swiss neurosurgical center underwent limited discectomy alone (n = 41, group 1) versus limited discectomy plus ACD (n = 12, group 2). Mean postoperative follow-up period was 12 months.ResultsTwelve out of 53 patients (22.6%) were eligible for ACD implantation. Patients of group 2 were significantly taller (mean 176 cm, P = 0.007) as compared with group 1 (mean 170). The only statistically significant difference of intraoperative parameters between group 1 and 2 was amount of nucleus materiel removed (P = 0.01), being greater in group 2 (mean 0.9) as compared with group 1 (mean 0.3). In group 1 six patients (6/41, 14.6%) presented with symptomatic reherniation at same level of surgery, while in group 2 only one patient experienced recurrence (1/12, 8.3%). No adverse events were reported.DiscussionIn the current study one out of five patients with lumbar disc herniation was considered suitable for ACD placement. In vast majority of these patients reherniation was precluded on the short-term basis. Patients with ACD were taller and had intraoperatively a higher volume of the nucleus pulposus materiel removed.     

经皮内镜下与Wiltse入路经椎间孔腰椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较北大核心CSCD

目的比较经皮内镜下经椎间孔腰椎间融合术(percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,PE-TLIF)与Wiltse入路TLIF(Wiltse-approach TLIF,W-TLIF)治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法回顾分析2018年7月—2019年6月符合选择标准的47例行手术治疗的腰椎滑脱症患者临床资料,其中21例采用PE-TLIF治疗(PE-TLIF组),26例采用W-TLIF治疗(W-TLIF组)。两组患者年龄、性别、病程、滑脱椎体、滑脱分度、滑脱分型及术前腰腿疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、腰椎日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、手术节段椎间隙高度(disc height,DH)、节段性前凸角(segmental lordosis,SL)及Taillard指数(Taillard index,TI)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间及并发症发生情况;采用VAS评分及JOA评分评价疼痛及功能改善情况;末次随访时于X线片上测量手术节段DH、SL及TI,并行腰椎CT检查,按Suk标准评测椎间融合情况。结果与W-TLIF组相比,PE-TLIF组手术时间明显延长,但术中出血量及术后引流量减少、术后卧床时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。术后PE-TLIF组出现2例一过性下肢放射痛,WTLIF组出现1例浅表切口感染,两组并发症发生率(9.5%vs.3.8%)差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.037,P=0.848)。两组患者均获随访,PE-TLIF组随访时间12~24个月,平均17.3个月;W-TLIF组为12~24个月,平均17.7个月。两组术后各时间点腰腿痛VAS评分及JOA评分均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。PE-TLIF组术后3 d及3个月腰痛VAS评分显著低于W-TLIF组,术后3个月腰椎JOA评分显著高于W-TLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余时间点两组间各评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,两组手术节段DH、SL及TI均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),两组间各指标手术前后差值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。按Suk标准评价,PETLIF组和W-TLIF组融合率为90.5%(19/21)和92.3%(24/26),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.000,P=1.000)。末次随访时两组均未见融合器沉降进入邻近椎体或向前、后移位。结论PE-TLIF和W-TLIF治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症均可获得良好疗效,尽管PE-TLIF手术时间延长,但术中出血量及术后引流量少,术后卧床时间短,且早期腰痛及功能改善更明显。     

全脊椎切除术与次全脊椎切除术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：对比分析全脊椎切除术和次全脊椎切除术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2004年5月~2017年2月在我院接受手术治疗的43例脊柱转移瘤患者的资料,根据手术方式分为两组：全脊椎切除组14例,次全脊椎切除组29例。两组患者性别、年龄、原发肿瘤性质、病灶类型等一般资料差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。分别采用KPS（Karnofsky performance scale）评分、视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、Frankel分级对患者术前、术后1个月的功能状态、疼痛程度以及神经功能进行评估。术后随访观察患者生存情况,绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,使用Log-rank检验进行比较。结果：全脊椎切除组与次全脊椎切除组患者术前VAS评分分别为5.29±1.54分、5.00±1.58分,KPS评分分别为70.71±8.29分、69.31±11.00分,术后1个月VAS评分分别为1.00±1.52分、0.97±1.88分,KPS评分分别为85.00±7.60分、85.17±17.45分,均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,而两组组内无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组患者术后Frankel分级较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,两组组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后6例出现局部复发,其中全脊椎切除组1例,次全脊椎切除组5例,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.416,P=0.011）。生存分析结果显示全脊椎切除组患者术后中位生存时间为10.0个月（95%CI：0.29~19.71）;次全脊椎切除组患者术后中位生存时间为11.0个月（95%CI：4.60~17.40）,全脊椎切除与次全脊椎切除的两组患者术后半年累积生存率分别为63.6%、63.2%,术后1年生存率分别为45.2%、42.1%,两组间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：全脊椎切除与次全脊椎切除手术均能明显改善脊柱转移瘤患者功能状态、疼痛程度以及神经功能,全脊椎切除有助于减少脊柱转移瘤术后局部复发。     

皮质骨轨迹螺钉与传统椎弓根螺钉固定对短节段腰椎融合术患者临床疗效影响的Meta分析

【摘要】 目的：通过Meta分析系统评价皮质骨轨迹（cortical bone trajectory,CBT）螺钉与传统椎弓根螺钉（pedicle screw,PS）固定对短节段腰椎融合术患者临床疗效的影响,为脊柱外科医生选择相应的内固定方式提供理论参考。方法：检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、EI和知网数据库自建库至2022年7月1日发表的对比CBT螺钉（CBT组）和PS（PS组）固定对腰椎椎间融合术疗效影响的文献,提取椎间融合率、手术并发症发生率、术后邻近节段退变（adjacent segment degeneration,ASD）发生率、术中失血量、手术时间、平均住院时间、背部疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analog scale,VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）和日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分等指标,采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。随机对照试验采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估标准,队列分析采用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale（NOS）风险偏倚评估标准对纳入文献质量进行评估。结果：共纳入15篇文献,其中3篇为随机对照试验,12篇为队列研究,文献质量评估结果显示纳入文献质量较高。通过Meta分析得出,与PS固定相比,CBT组手术并发症发生率[RR=0.49,95%CI（0.34,0.70）,P<0.05]、术后ASD发生率[RR=0.33,95%CI（0.16,0.65）,P<0.05]更低;术中出血量[SMD=-0.81,95%CI（-0.98,-0.63）,P<0.05]更少;手术时间[SMD=-0.49,95%CI（-0.67,-0.30）,P<0.05]及平均住院时间[SMD=-0.60,95% CI（-0.81,-0.38）,P<0.05]更短;JOA评分[SMD=0.23,95%CI（0.02,0.43）,P<0.05]更高;而两者在椎间融合率、背部疼痛VAS评分和ODI方面无统计学差异。结论：与应用PS固定相比,在短节段腰椎固定融合术中应用CBT螺钉固定的手术并发症发生率、术后ASD发生率较低,手术时间、住院时间较短,术中出血量较少,JOA评分较高。     

同一体位下斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎结核

【摘要】 目的：探讨同一体位下斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术（oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF）联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎结核的可行性,并评估其临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2018年9月~2019年12月我科采用OLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗的35例腰椎结核患者,其中男16例,女19例;年龄33~68岁（51.1±12.8岁）;术前术后均配合系统抗结核治疗。记录所有患者术前术后的C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）、红细胞沉降率（erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR）、手术时间、术中出血量、术后相关并发症、植骨融合情况,比较手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、美国脊柱损伤协会（American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA）神经功能分级、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、病变节段后凸Cobb角、腰椎前凸角。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间125~280min（168.8±51.4min）;术中出血量260~1500ml（347.5±121.7ml）。35例患者均获得随访,随访时间为24~48个月（37.8±8.9个月）;术后不同时间点（术后1、3、6个月及末次随访）ESR、CRP、VAS评分及ODI均较术前显著降低（P<0.05）,术后不同时间点之间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后不同时间点Cobb角及腰椎前凸角较术前显著降低（P<0.05）,但术后不同时间点间两两比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。末次随访时13例神经损伤患者ASIA分级均较术前有不同程度的改善,所有患者均获骨性融合。2例患者于引流管口持续渗液合并窦道形成,予以换药、调整敏感抗结核药物及营养支持分别于术后3个月、术后5个月切口愈合;1例患者出现肺部感染合并胸腔积液,3例患者出现不同程度的药物性肝功能损伤,经药物保守治疗后好转。结论：同一体位下OLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎结核安全、可行,病灶清除彻底,骨融合率高,并具有创伤小、手术时间短、术后恢复快的优点。     

斜外侧入路与微创经椎间孔入路椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病临床疗效的Meta分析

【摘要】 目的：系统评价斜外侧入路椎间融合术（oblique lumbar interbody fusion,OLIF）与微创经椎间孔入路椎间融合术（minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF）治疗腰椎退行性疾病（lumbar degenerative disease,LDD）的临床疗效。方法：系统检索中国知网（CNKI）、维普（VIP）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science等中英文数据库中关于OLIF与MIS-TLIF治疗LDD的临床对比研究文献,检索时限为自数据库建库至2021年12月,采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（Newcastle-Ottawa scale,NOS）对纳入的研究进行质量评价。提取手术时间、出血量、下地时间、住院时间、疼痛视觉模拟（visual analog scale,VAS）评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、椎间隙高度（disc height,DH）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis angle,LLA）、并发症发生率、融合率等指标,应用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入16篇文献,均为队列研究,NOS评价均为中高质量。共有1220例患者,其中OLIF组572例,MIS-TLIF组648例。Meta分析结果显示,OLIF组手术时间（MD=-26.00,95％CI：-38.69～-13.32,P＜0.0001）和住院时间（MD=-2.81,95％CI：-3.71～-1.92,P＜0.00001）更短,下地时间更早（MD=-0.54,95％CI：-0.70～-0.37,P＜0.00001）,术中出血量（MD=-44.04,95％CI：-46.97～-41.12,P＜0.00001）更少,VAS评分（MD=-0.37,95％CI：-0.67～-0.06,P=0.02）、ODI（MD=-4.48,95％CI：-8.75～-0.20,P=0.04）、DH（MD=1.08,95％CI：0.73～1.43,P＜0.00001）、LLA（MD=3.00,95％CI：1.61～4.38,P＜0.0001）的改善均优于MIS-TLIF组。两组并发症发生率（OR=1.38,95％CI：0.96～2.00, P=0.09）、融合率（OR=2.13,95％CI：0.91～4.97,P=0.08）无显著性差异。结论：相较于MIS-TLIF,OLIF治疗LDD手术时间、住院时间、下地时间较短,术中出血量较少,缓解疼痛和功能障碍、改善椎间隙高度和腰椎前凸角更优;而并发症发生率和融合率则无明显差异。     

单侧双通道内镜下经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的早期疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：评估单侧双通道内镜下经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,UBE-TLIF/BETLIF）治疗腰椎退行性疾病的早期临床疗效。方法：选取2019年3月~2021年5月行BETLIF治疗的腰椎退行性疾病患者共60例,其中Ⅰ度退行性腰椎滑脱33例（L3/4 1例,L4/5 27例,L5/S1 5例）,Ⅰ度退行性腰椎滑脱伴峡部裂6例（L3/4 1例,L4/5 3例,L5/S1 2例）,腰椎间盘突出症伴节段不稳15例（L4/5 14例,L5/S1 1例）,腰椎椎管狭窄症伴腰椎不稳5例（L3/4 1例,L4/5 4例）,单纯腰椎不稳1例（L4/5 1例）;男14例,女46例,年龄38~70岁（56±8岁）,体质指数（body mass index,BMI）25.2±3.0kg/m2。统计手术时间、术后引流量、下地时间、术后住院时间及并发症;统计患者术前和术后1周、1个月、3个月及6个月的腿痛和腰背痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、术前及术后1、3、6个月Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）和术后6个月改良Macnab标准。计算术后6个月腿痛VAS、腰背痛VAS、ODI改善率;采用单因素重复测量方差分析比较腿痛/腰背痛VAS评分和ODI在术前及术后各时间点是否有统计学差异,采用配对样本t检验比较术后6个月腿痛VAS与腰背痛VAS改善率差异;两名脊柱外科医生根据Bridwell椎间融合分级标准在X线/CT上统计术后6个月手术节段融合情况。结果：60例患者平均手术时间为145.9±12.6min;术后留置引流管35例（58.3%）,平均引流量为56.40ml;术后下地时间为2.9±1.0d;术后住院时间为7.8±2.7d。术中硬脊膜撕裂2例,术后切口皮下水肿3例。患者术后1周及1、3、6个月的腿痛、腰背痛VAS评分均明显小于术前（P＜0.05）;术后6个月腿痛VAS改善率为（65.6±7.1）%,腰背痛VAS改善率为（62.3±7.2）%,腿痛比腰背痛改善更佳（P＜0.05）。术后1、3、6个月的ODI均明显小于术前（P＜0.05）,术后6个月ODI改善率为（60.9±4.7）%。术后6个月复查X线/CT结果显示节段发生融合26例（43.4%）,有融合趋势但尚未完全融合29例（48.3%）,未发生融合5例（8.3%）。术后6个月改良Macnab标准评估为优55例（91.7%）,良5例（8.3%）。结论：BETLIF是一种安全、有效的腰椎椎间融合术,治疗腰椎退行性疾病能够获得良好的早期临床疗效。     

Feasibility and accuracy of computer-assisted individual drill guide template for minimally invasive lumbar pedicle screw placement trajectory

ObjectiveTo discuss the feasibility and accuracy of a specific computer-assisted individual drill guide template (CIDGT) for minimally invasive lumbar pedicle screw placement trajectory (MI-LPT) through a bovine cadaveric experimental study.DesignA 3-D reconstruction model, including lumbar vertebras (L1–L5), was generated, and the optimal MI-LPTs were determined. A drill guide template with a surface made of the antitemplate of the vertebral surface, including the spinous process and the entry point vertebral surface, was created by reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques. Then, MI-LPTs were determined by the drill guide templates, and the trajectories made by K-wires were observed by postoperative CT scan.SettingGeneral Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.ResultsIn total, 150 K-wires for MI-LPTs were successfully inserted into L1-L5. The required mean time and fluoroscopy times between fixation of the template to the spinous process, entry point vertebral surface, and insertion of the K-wires for minimally invasive lumbar pedicle screw placement trajectories into each vertebra were 79.4 ± 15.0 s and 2.1 ± 0.8 times. There were no significant differences between the preoperative plan and postoperative assessment in the distance from the puncture to the midline and inclination angles according to the different levels (P > 0.05, respectively). The mean deviation between the preoperative plan and postoperative assessment in the distance from the puncture to the midline and inclination angles were 0.8 ± 0.5 mm and 0.9 ± 0.5°, respectively.ConclusionsThe potential use of the novel CIDGT, which was based on the unique morphology of the lumbar vertebra to place minimally invasive lumbar pedicle screws, is promising and could prevent too much radiation exposure intraoperatively.     

Evidence for cervical muscle morphometric changes on magnetic resonance images after whiplash: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionMorphometric changes to cervical musculature in whiplash associated disorder have been reported in several studies with varying results. However, the evidence is not clear because only a limited number of cohorts have been studied and one cohort has been reported in multiple publications. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence for cervical muscle morphometric changes on magnetic resonance (MR) images after whiplash using a systematic review with meta-analysis.Materials and methodsPubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library were searched without language restriction using combinations of the MeSH terms “muscles”, “whiplash injuries”, and “magnetic resonance imaging”. Studies of acute and chronic whiplash were included if they compared whiplash and control cervical spine muscle morphometry measurements from MR images. The search identified 380 studies. After screening, eight studies describing five cohorts (one acute, three chronic, one both acute and chronic) met the inclusion criteria. Participant characteristics and outcome measures were extracted using a standard extraction format. Quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat infiltrate (MFI) for acute and chronic whiplash cohorts were compared using mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis models were created when data from more than two eligible cohorts was available, using inverse-variance random-effects models (RevMan5 version 5.3.5).ResultsQuality assessment was uniformly good but only two studies blinded the assessor. Analysis of the acute cohorts revealed no consensus with respect to CSA. MFI was not measured in the acute cohorts. Analysis of the chronic cohorts revealed CSA is probably increased in some muscles after whiplash but there is insufficient evidence to confirm whether MFI is also increased. Because the available data were limited, meta-analyses of only multifidus were performed. In chronic whiplash multifidus CSA was significantly increased at C5 (Z = 3.51, p < 0.01) and C6 (Z = 2.66, p < 0.01); and MFI was significantly increased at C7 only (Z = 2.52, p < 0.01) but the heterogeneity was unacceptably high (I² = 83%).ConclusionsThe strength of the evidence for cervical muscle morphometric changes on MR images after whiplash is inconsistent for CSA and MFI. Future study designs should be standardised with quantification of three-dimensional muscle morphometry.